However when the bone resists the force, it is forced to luxate at the lower end, as the upper end is connected very strongly to the humerus. If the bone does not resist the force of longitudinal energy, it breaks. The ulna in proportion to the radius becomes too long and bends inevitably. “……when a person falls on his hand and fractures the radius, the weight acts longitudinally on the ulna because of the sudden superposition of the radius fragments. His description of the mechanism was as follows 5 He reported this injury as occurring more frequently compared to the Monteggia fracture (2%) and described the mechanism of this injury as being similar to the Monteggia fracture.
GALEAZZI FRACTURE POSNA SERIES
5 Galeazzi presented the largest series (n=18) of this injury at that time, and cited an incidence of 6% in his series of 300 forearm fractures.
The first article was published in Italian in 1934 4 and the second was published in German in 1935. Galeazzi published two articles describing the fracture of the radius associated with a dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint. His bibliography is extensive and includes nearly 150 publications that contributed in various fields of Orthopedic Surgery, including his three greatest contributions: the correction of scoliosis by manipulation and splinting, the surgical treatment of recurrent dislocation of patella, and the description of the fracture of the radial shaft associated with dislocation of the DRUJ. This journal was for many years the official journal of the Italian Orthopedic Society. He also directed the Archivio di Ortopedia, the oldest periodical devoted to Orthopedic Surgery for 35 years. 8– 12 He served as Director of the Institute for Crippled Children at Milan, Professor of Clinical Orthopedics and Traumatology, and Dean at the University of Milan. Professor Riccardo Galeazzi was one of Italy’s most distinguished orthopedic surgeons who contributed to clinical and academic medicine in many ways. 3 From these original materials, we present the management of the Galeazzi fracture over two centuries, and summarize the life and contributions of Riccardo Galeazzi. 11, 12 We also secured a copy of Coopers’ article from 1825 describing this injury. 10 In addition, we translated his original articles that described the Galeazzi fracture, 4, 5 and two biographical articles published in the Italian literature. We undertook an extensive literature search, contacted the Archives at the University of Milan, and secured a copy of his curriculum vitae from 1933. 8, 9 This paucity of information is not surprising because almost all of Galeazzi’s publications are in Italian and German. A PubMed search for ‘Riccardo Galeazzi’ returned only two results.
On the contrary, little has been written about Galeazzi himself.
7 A PubMed search for the term ‘Galeazzi fracture’ returned a little over 100 results. 4, 5 This fracture is also eponymically referred to as a reverse Monteggia fracture, 2 a Piedmont fracture, 2 a Darrach-Hughston-Milch fracture, 6 and a fracture of necessity. This fracture pattern was first described by Cooper in 1822, 3 but it is Galeazzi, who in 1934 presented a series of 18 patients with this injury, and elaborated on the incidence, pathomechanics, and management. These include, in children, a fracture of the radial shaft associated with a separation of the distal ulnar epiphysis without a disruption of the DRUJ, 1 and in adults, a fracture of the radial shaft associated with an additional fracture of the distal ulna. 1 In addition, certain injuries are considered as a Galeazzi’s equivalent. The Galeazzi fracture is an unstable fracture-dislocation of the forearm that includes a fracture of the shaft of the radius and a dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ).
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